Saturday, September 29, 2012

Shadow banking looms over China as economy struggles

China's slowing economic growth is putting the spotlight on the quality of loans - both within the country's official banking sector and beyond.


China's banks grew their assets 19% in 2011 to Rmb110.68trn (US$17.6trn), consultants at KPMG said this week.The report comes as analysts are warning of a spike in non-performing loans as the country's economy cools.

"We are at a critical point where, if (economic) growth doesn't start to pick up, we could enter a cycle of loan seasoning," said Charlene Chu, senior director of financial institutions at Fitch Ratings.

But the growth in the banking sector pales in comparison to the staggering 58.2% expansion in the trust sector in 2011, according to an earlier KPMG report, and concerns are mounting that the industry's rapid growth and loose regulation are becoming a systemic risk.

Since 2007, trust assets have grown fourfold. Fitch estimated that shadow-banking assets had already reached Rmb5.5trn in June this year, while an earlier KPMG report said 66 PRC trust companies had assets of Rmb4.8trn under management at the end of 2011.

Current growth rates suggest trusts will soon become the second-largest investor base in China's financial market, surpassing the Rmb6.3trn of assets held in the insurance sector as of April. Trusts are still a fraction of total lending in the country. Yet, analysts are alarmed.

They see signs of trouble in their rapid growth and light regulation, two features that the Chinese trust sector shares with the subprime mortgage industry in the US before the credit crisis.

"At a certain point, I think some investors in trust products will potentially have a rude awakening: higher return generally comes with higher risk," said David Cui, China strategist for Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

"Trust products have significant exposures to property, infrastructure and financial sectors - as a result, some of these products may incur losses." In March 2007, outstanding of subprime mortgages totalled about US$1.3trn.

At present, the Chinese trust sector holds US$873bn in assets, many of them seen as just as risky as subprime housing debt. There are more similarities.

Chinese trusts are also closely tied to the housing industry. They have become a main source of funding for many of the homebuilders in the country, as the government has curbed traditional bank lending to property companies.

Trusts lend money to real-estate companies at interest rates of 15% and, in some cases, as high as 80%, according to bankers.

Those rates are much higher than they return to investors. Trusts, typically, yielded 12%-15% returns, KPMG said.

It is those figures that helped real-estate trusts become the fastest growing sub-sector of the Chinese trust industry in 2010 and 2011.

REGULATORY PRESSURE

The regulator is closely watching this shadow-banking industry. Between May 2011 and September 2011, the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued a series of guidelines to improve transparency of real-estate trust products.

KPMG said that the regulator's simple request for full disclosure for new trusts reduced their rate of growth to 16% in December 2011 from 49% in June 2011.

The CBRC also wants trusts to operate and manage risks more like banks. As a result, many real-estate trusts have started selling riskier assets.

indiatimes.com

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